Evaluación de la Viabilidad y Sostenibilidad en la Integración Sinérgica de CO₂-EOR y Biocatalizadores para la Recuperación Mejorada de Petróleo y la Transición hacia una Industria Energética Limpia

Resumen

Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) aims to maximize the sustainable extraction of remaining hydrocarbons in mature reservoirs. In this context, carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) applied to EOR emerges as a strategic technology, as it allows for increased crude oil production and simultaneously contributes to carbon emissions mitigation. In parallel, the use of biocatalysts in Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) represents an environmentally friendly and innovative alternative to optimize the efficiency of the extraction process. The objective of this research is to evaluate the feasibility and sustainability of integrating CO₂-EOR with MEOR, proposing a synergistic approach that enhances the recovery of residual hydrocarbons and promotes a cleaner energy industry. The methodology employed is bibliographic, supported by a critical analysis of scientific and technical literature, allowing the topic to be approached from a multidisciplinary perspective. The use of CO₂ in EOR improves extraction efficiency and simultaneously constitutes an effective underground carbon storage option. However, its implementation presents technical and economic challenges, such as high capture and transportation costs, control of gas movement in the reservoir, and equipment corrosion. MEOR, on the other hand, employs microorganisms and their metabolites to improve oil mobility, reduce chemical use, and reduce environmental impact. It is concluded that the combination of CO₂-EOR and MEOR is viable and sustainable, improving extraction efficiency and reducing long-term operating costs.